Fertility Testing 101: How it works & when to get it done

Thinking about growing your family? Whether you’re actively trying to conceive, planning ahead, or just curious about your reproductive health, a fertility test can be a smart and empowering step. Fertility testing gives you insight into how your body is functioning — and can help identify any potential roadblocks.

Let’s break down what fertility testing involves, how it works for both men and women, when to consider it, and where you can get it done. No medical degree is required — we’ll keep it simple and straightforward.

What is a fertility test?

A fertility test is a set of medical evaluations used to check your reproductive health. These tests are designed for both men and women and can reveal how easily you might be able to get pregnant or help explain why conception hasn’t happened yet.

Fertility testing can involve:

• Hormone blood tests to look at levels that affect egg or sperm health
• Imaging, like ultrasounds, to view reproductive organs
• Semen analysis to check sperm count, shape, and movement

Together, these tests help doctors figure out what’s working well and what might need some support when it comes to conception.

Types of fertility tests

Fertility testing isn’t one-size-fits-all. Depending on what needs to be assessed, there are different tests for men and women.

Female fertility tests

Here are the most common female fertility test options:

• Ovulation testing (LH surge urine test): This checks for a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), which triggers ovulation. It’s usually done with a urine test at home.
• AMH test (Anti-Müllerian Hormone): This blood test gives a sense of your ovarian reserve or how many eggs you have left.
• FSH test (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone): FSH helps eggs mature each month. High levels might signal lower fertility.
• Transvaginal ultrasound: A doctor uses this to look at your ovaries, uterus, and endometrial lining.
• HSG (hysterosalpingogram): This is a special X-ray that checks if your fallopian tubes are open and your uterus is normal in shape.

Male fertility tests

Male fertility test options include:

• Semen analysis: This checks your sperm count, how well the sperm move (motility), and their shape (morphology). It’s one of the most important tests for male fertility.
• Hormone testing: Blood tests for hormones like testosterone and FSH can uncover hormonal imbalances that affect sperm production.
• Scrotal ultrasound: If needed, this imaging test checks for physical issues like varicoceles (enlarged veins in the scrotum).

Some of these tests — like ovulation kits or home fertility tests — can be done without leaving your house. Others, especially imaging and bloodwork, require a visit to a clinic or lab.

When should you get a fertility test?

Timing matters. The general guidelines depend on age and your health history:

• Women under 35: Consider testing if you’ve been trying to get pregnant for 12 months without success.
• Women 35 and older: It’s recommended to seek help after 6 months of trying.
• Irregular periods or known reproductive issues? You might benefit from testing sooner.
• LGBTQ+ individuals or couples using donor sperm, surrogacy, or IVF/IUI: Testing is often part of the early family planning process.

Also, both partners can (and often should) get tested at the same time. That speeds up the process and provides a fuller picture of fertility health from both sides.

What to expect during a fertility evaluation

The idea of fertility testing can sound intimidating, but it’s usually a smooth and supported process. Here's what you can expect:

1. Initial consultation

You’ll start by chatting with a provider — often an OB-GYN or fertility specialist — about your medical history, menstrual cycle (for women), any symptoms, and how long you’ve been trying to conceive.

2. Physical exam

Your doctor may do a routine physical and pelvic exam for women. This helps check for any obvious signs of reproductive health issues.

3. Bloodwork and/or imaging

For women, hormone blood tests and a transvaginal ultrasound are often the next steps. If needed, they may schedule further imaging, like an HSG to check the uterus and fallopian tubes.

4. Semen analysis

Men provide a semen sample, usually through masturbation in a private room at a clinic. The sample is analyzed for sperm count, motility, and shape.

Don’t worry — fertility clinics are used to these visits. They prioritize privacy, comfort, and professionalism throughout the process.

How to prepare for a fertility test

Here are a few ways to get ready for your fertility test and make the most of your appointment:

• Track your cycle: For women, keeping a menstrual cycle calendar or using an ovulation tracker can provide helpful insights for your doctor.
• Avoid ejaculation: Men should avoid ejaculation for 2 to 5 days before a sperm analysis to ensure the best sample.
• List your meds and supplements: Some medications, including over-the-counter ones, may affect fertility.
• Be open about your lifestyle: Doctors may ask about stress, sleep, exercise, alcohol, and smoking — all of which can play a role in fertility.

Being honest and prepared helps your provider tailor the testing to your unique situation.

Where to get a fertility test

Wondering where to get a fertility test? You have several options depending on the type of test and your comfort level.

• OB-GYN offices: A great place to start, especially for women. They can order bloodwork, imaging, and refer you to a fertility clinic if needed.
• Fertility clinics: These clinics specialize in reproductive health and offer comprehensive services, including advanced testing and treatment like IVF or IUI.
• Urologists: These specialists often handle male fertility evaluations.
• Urgent care clinics: You may be able to get initial hormone tests or referrals for fertility care.
• At-home fertility test kits: Some tests, like ovulation kits or sperm analysis, can be done at home. Just keep in mind that follow-up testing in a clinical setting is often needed to confirm results.

Need help finding a provider? Solv makes it easy to find local clinics and book a fertility test near you.

Book a fertility test or consultation near you

Your fertility matters — and so does your peace of mind. Whether you’re planning for the future, trying to get pregnant now, or just curious about your reproductive health, a fertility test can give you the answers and guidance you need.

Solv can help you find a local provider and book an appointment in just a few clicks. From OB-GYNs and fertility specialists to labs and urgent care clinics, we make it simple to take control of your fertility journey.