What is GLP-1 (Receptor Agonist): A Complete Overview

According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA), GLP-1 therapy is mainly used for managing type 2 diabetes by aiding in controlling blood sugar levels through stimulating insulin release and decreasing glucose production in the liver — while also delaying the digestion process in the stomach. Additionally, at times GLP-1 medications such as Ozempic and Wegovy are prescribed to assist individuals in trimming down and handling their weight effectively.

If you are dealing with type 2 diabetes and finding it challenging to control your blood sugar levels despite making lifestyle adjustments and trying medications without success, incorporating GLP-1 Therapy into your treatment regimen could prove beneficial for you. Moreover, if you are struggling with body weight issues, using GLP-1 medication might assist in managing your insulin levels and reducing your appetite. It's important to keep in mind that GLP-1 therapy is not typically the choice of treatment and is usually recommended when other approaches have not produced the desired results as per the National Library of Medicine (NLM).

Determining If GLP-1 Therapy Is Right for You

While GLP-1 therapy can reduce symptoms for some people, it might not be the right option for others, and it’s your healthcare providers job to help you find a treatment that suits you.

GLP-1 therapy is not a one-size-fits-all treatment for all patients. If you’re looking into this therapy, it’s important to think about your personal health needs and talk with your healthcare provider. When making a recommendation for treatment, your doctor or other healthcare provider is legally required to consider your medical history, current condition and any side effects you may have before prescribing or recommending GLP-1 therapy. Factors such as your age, weight and other health conditions will enter into the decision, according to the NLM.

The NLM adds that generally, the following criteria describe a candidate for GLP-1 medication therapy:

• Individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who require additional glycemic control.

• Patients with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 27, especially those with weight-related comorbidities.

• Those not achieving target blood glucose levels with metformin or other oral hypoglycemic agents.

• It’s also important to consider the fact that patients with prior cardiovascular disease or who are at a heightened risk for a cardiovascular event also respond to GLP-1 therapies, as these therapies have cardiovascular benefits.

• Patients who are open to or prefer injectable medications over oral medications.

• Individuals looking for additional weight loss benefits alongside diabetes management.

• Persons under consideration must NOT have a prior diagnosis or family history of medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) or multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2).

You should always discuss GLP-1 therapy with a healthcare professional to find out if it’s appropriate for you or the person you care about.

A Guide to the Types of GLP-1 Medications

According to the NLM, GLP-1 receptor agonists are a type of medicine that mimics the actions of the hormone glucagon-like peptide-1, which helps regulate blood sugar levels and appetite. The NIH and the ADA stress these features by tagging these drugs as frequently used in relieving or controlling type 2 diabetes and presumably weight management. However, there is a myriad of GLP-1 receptor agonists on the market, each with its own properties and dosing regimens. 

Below is a list of GLP-1 medications available when this article was written:

• Dulaglutide (Trulicity): A once-weekly injectable medication that helps lower blood sugar levels and promote weight loss.

• Exenatide extended-release (Bydureon BCise: A once-weekly injectable formulation that aids in glycemic control and weight management.

• Exenatide (Byetta): A twice-daily injectable medication that assists with blood sugar control and has weight loss benefits.

• Semaglutide (Ozempic): A once-weekly injectable medication known for its effectiveness in lowering blood sugar and promoting weight loss.

• Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda): A daily injectable medication used for blood sugar control in diabetes (Victoza) and for weight management (Saxenda).

What’s the Best GLP-1 Medication for My Needs?

The NLM notes that selecting the most suitable GLP-1 medication for your health requires careful consideration of various factors, including your specific medical history, current health status and individual treatment goals. With multiple options available, each with its unique benefits, dosing schedules and potential side effects, it is essential to engage in a thorough discussion with a healthcare provider. This collaborative approach ensures that you receive personalized recommendations tailored to your needs.

GLP-1: Pros & Cons

GLP-1 medications offer a range of benefits for individuals managing type 2 diabetes and related health conditions, according to the NLM, but they also come with potential drawbacks. Understanding the pros and cons of these medications is essential for making informed treatment decisions. Below is a list of the advantages and disadvantages associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists, as noted by the FDA and NLM.

Pros

• Reducing High Blood Pressure: GLP-1 medications can help lower blood pressure, contributing to overall cardiovascular health.

• Enhancing Lipid Profile Management: GLP-1 medications may improve cholesterol levels, further supporting heart health.

• Treating Fatty Liver Disease: GLP-1 receptor agonists have shown promise in managing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

• Lowering the Risk of Heart and Kidney Diseases: They are associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events and kidney complications in patients with diabetes.

• Slowing the Advancement of Diabetes-Related Kidney Damage: GLP-1 medications can help protect kidney function in individuals with diabetes.

Cons

• Allergic Responses: Some individuals may experience allergic reactions to GLP-1 medications, which can range from mild to severe.

• Usage During Pregnancy: The safety of GLP-1 medications during pregnancy is not well established, necessitating caution and consultation with a healthcare provider.

• Risk of Low Blood Sugar (Hypoglycemia): While generally lower than some other diabetes medications, there is still a risk of hypoglycemia, especially when used in conjunction with other glucose-lowering therapies, including glucagon like peptide medications.

GLP-1 Side Effects

While GLP-1 medications can be effective in managing blood sugar levels and promoting weight loss, they may also come with a range of side effects, according to the NLM. Understanding these potential adverse effects is important for patients considering or currently using these treatments. Below is a list of common side effects associated with GLP-1 receptor agonists, as noted by the FDA-issued package inserts for approved GLP-1 medications:

• Decreased Appetite: Many users experience a reduced desire to eat, which can aid in weight loss.

• Feeling Nauseous: Nausea is a frequently reported side effect, particularly when starting the medication or increasing the dose.

• Vomiting: Some individuals may experience vomiting as a reaction to the medication.

• Diarrhea: Gastrointestinal disturbances, including diarrhea, can occur with GLP-1 therapy.

• Lightheadedness: Patients may occasionally feel lightheaded, especially if they experience changes in blood sugar levels.

• Mildly Elevated Heart Rate (Tachycardia): Some users may notice an increase in heart rate while using these medications.

• Infections: There is a potential risk for infections, particularly gastrointestinal infections.

• Headaches: Headaches can occur as a side effect for some individuals.

• Stomach Discomfort (Indigestion): Many patients report feelings of stomach discomfort or indigestion while on GLP-1 medications.

Urgent care near me

If you're looking to take charge of your diabetes management and weight loss journey, Solv is here to help you find the right urgent care facility nearby. With a user-friendly platform that allows you to quickly locate and book appointments at trusted urgent care centers, you can easily access essential diabetes testing and personalized weight management services — including seeing if you're a candidate for glucagon like peptide medications such as liraglutide, semaglutide, dulaglutide or others. Diabetes is a serious condition that should be managed effectively with the help of a physician. Not doing so can lead to more health issues, including those related to insulin levels and pancreatitis. There are several FDA-approach drugs for diabetes, including injection therapy like GLP-1 medications, or non-injection therapy like oral metformin. Speaking with a doctor is the best way to understand what medication is best for you and to get GLP-1 therapy started if you are a good candidate.

Don’t wait to prioritize your health—use Solv to find a convenient location near you and take the first step toward a healthier future today!